A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, usually by a blood clot. The blockage results in damage to the affected area of the heart muscle, which can be life-threatening. Some of the major causes of heart attack are:
- Coronary artery disease: This is the most common cause of heart attack. Coronary artery disease occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked, usually due to the buildup of cholesterol and other substances on the artery walls.
- High blood pressure: High blood pressure can damage the walls of the arteries and increase the risk of developing coronary artery disease.
- Smoking: Smoking can damage the lining of the arteries and increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis, a buildup of plaque in the arteries that can lead to heart attack.
- Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular problems.
- Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes, all of which are risk factors for heart attack.
- Family history: If someone in your family has had a heart attack, you may be at a higher risk of developing one.
- Stress: Chronic stress can increase the risk of heart attack, as it can raise blood pressure and heart rate.
- Lack of physical activity: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of developing many of the risk factors for heart attack, including obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.
- Unhealthy diet: A diet high in saturated and trans fats, salt, and sugar can increase the risk of developing high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and obesity, all of which are risk factors for heart attack.
